社会变迁中的大学生思想教育工作之我见

当今大学生正处在社会深刻变革的重要时期，加强和改进大学生的思想教育工作是关系到二十一世纪国家前途和命运的大事，是社会主义精神文明建设的一项战略任务。针对目前大学生所处的这一新形势，试图从理想信念、心理健康、社会实践与创新、网络化教育等不同方面解决这一问题。     

一类新的模式识别联想神经网络

本文提出一类可用于模式识别的联想神经网络的综合方法,这类网络结构不受对称联接的限制,网络保证了要求的M类模式的稳定形成,且网络的容量远远超过Hopfield的联想神经网络,网络渐近稳定平衡点的吸引特性使受噪声污染的模式能得以正确恢复,体现了神经网络的非线性滤波性质。文中给出了综合一个这类联想网络计算机模拟以及模式识别的例子。     

Reverse importing and asymmetric trade and FDI: a networks explanation

This paper considers the impact of business and social networks on international trade and FDI. I propose that differences in the strength of network effects across countries can produce asymmetric trade and investment flows that may lead to trade friction. A firm from a country with strong network effects has a cost advantage in selling to buyers from its own country. This advantage results in lower inward FDI, lower total imports but larger volumes of reverse imports into the country with strong network effects. The model’s predictions match observed asymmetric trade and investment flows that sometimes lead to US-Japan trade friction.     

International gatekeepers: How to integrate domestic networks and international relations

This research evaluates how firms develop an intermediary role, connecting their international experience with knowledge provided by the domestic network. These firms act as international gatekeepers, providing valuable knowledge about distant markets to their partners in the domestic network. By adopting a network perspective, we mapped from whom the firms obtain knowledge or the kind of relationship that each firm establishes with other members of the network, disentangling how the gatekeeper can, in fact, integrate international and domestic networks. Empirical evidence indicates that gatekeepers develop a domestic network based on closed relationships with domestic partners that have central positions but are not a real threat for them.     

基于BP神经网络的工程造价估测方法

本文把信息扩散原理和神经网络相结合,提出一种工程造价的估测方法,并给出计算实例。     

Conformism and diversity under social learning

Summary. When there are competing technologies or products with unknown payoffs an important question is which technology will prevail and whether technologies with different payoffs can coexist in the long run. In this paper, we use a social learning model with local interactions to study this question. We show that the adoption of technologies as well as the prospects of conformism/diversity depend crucially on the nature of interaction between individuals and the heterogeneity of preferences in a society. Received: May 10, 1999; revised version: February 4, 2000     

Social capital in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs

There is increasing evidence of the positive role social capital plays in accessing resources and capabilities from and with other actors, and in establishing and maintaining business relationships. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how an organization's social capital and its utilization evolve over time. Focusing on this gap, this paper explores the role of social capital and its structural, relational and cognitive dimensions in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs. On the basis of our studies on social capital, entrepreneurial networks and SME growth, we develop a conceptual framework to describe their development through four overlapping phases, each of which involves different managerial tasks: innovation assessment, offering development, commercialization and rapid growth. The results of our longitudinal multiple case studies show that; (i) different types of networks and relationships are important in the transitional periods between the growth phases; and (ii) the role of social capital and its different dimensions varies in developing, maintaining and utilizing these partnerships and network relationships. These findings offer several managerial implications.     

Internet peering as a network of relations

This paper applies results from recent theoretical work on networks of relations to analyze optimal peering strategies for asymmetric Internet Service Providers (ISPs). From a network of relations perspective, ISPs’ asymmetry in bilateral peering agreements need not be a problem, since when these form a closed network, asymmetries are pooled and information transmission is faster. Both these effects reduce the incentives for opportunism in general, and interconnection quality degradation in particular. The paper also explains why bilateral monetary transfers between asymmetric ISPs (Bilateral Paid Peering), though potentially good for bilateral peering, may have negative effects on the sustainability of the overall peering network.     

Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective

In this paper we use a comparative perspective to explore the ways in which institutions and networks have influenced entrepreneurial development in Russia. We utilize Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data to study the effects of the weak institutional environment in Russia on entrepreneurship, comparing it first with all available GEM country samples and second, in more detail, with Brazil and Poland. Our results suggest that Russia's institutional environment is important in explaining its relatively low levels of entrepreneurship development, where the latter is measured in terms of both number of start-ups and of existing business owners. In addition, Russia's business environment and its consequences for the role of business networks contribute to the relative advantage of entrepreneurial insiders (those already in business) to entrepreneurial outsiders (newcomers) in terms of new business start-ups.     

The influence of firm,industry and network on the corporate social performance of Japanese firms

We develop and test the thesis that corporate social performance (CSP) constitutes a socially constructed and shared strategic asset, which is not only influenced by factors specific to a firm, but also by the social performance of firms in its industry and inter-corporate network. Using variance decomposition, we analyze data from 130 large Japanese firms and find that both firm-specific and industry-level factors account for significant variance in CSP, but network-level factors do not.